负载型活性炭/TiO2光催化降解苯酚的研究

在温和条件下(75℃和常压),通过在酸性水溶液中水解钛酸四丁酯并回流提高其结晶度,制备了锐钛矿型的TiO2.将此TiO2负载于粉末活性炭上,并用之来降解模拟废水苯酚.实验结果表明,该负载型催化剂的光催化效果要优于纯TiO2以及P25 TiO2加活性炭的混合体系.0.58g负载型催化剂降解0.4L浓度为100mg·L-1的苯酚溶液,经18W紫外灯光照6h后溶液中的苯酚去除率达到98%.同时,载体活性炭上吸附的苯酚量也随着光照时间逐渐减少,6h后残留的量仅为初始值的3.5%.     

Fenton高级氧化工艺中苯酚对亚甲基蓝退色反应的影响

为了提高Fenton试剂处理有机污染物的效率,探索最佳处理条件,以亚甲基蓝-苯酚混合溶液为模型污水,进行了Fenton试剂氧化亚甲基蓝退色反应的影响因素实验.对不同试验条件下褪色反应动力学过程进行了在线跟踪、拟合和比较研究发现,苯酚和亚甲基蓝在反应体系中存在竞争.苯酚会影响Fenton试剂对亚甲基蓝的退色反应效率;退色反应分3个阶段,本研究得到了第1阶段和第3阶段的反应速率常数的表达式.     

Chiral profiling of azole antifungals in municipal wastewater and recipient rivers of the Pearl River Delta, China

Enantiomeric compositions and fractions (EFs) of three chiral imidazole (econazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole) and one chiral triazole (tebuconazole) antifungals were investigated in wastewater, river water, and bed sediment of the Pearl River Delta, South China. The imidazole pharmaceuticals in the untreated wastewater were racemic to weakly nonracemic (EFs of 0.450–0.530) and showed weak enantioselectivity during treatment in the sewage treatment plant. The EFs of the dissolved azole antifungals were usually different from those of the sorbed azoles in the suspended particulate matter, suggesting different behaviors for the enantiomers of the chiral azole antifungals in the dissolved and particulate phases of the wastewater. The azole antifungals were widely present in the rivers. The bed sediment was a sink for the imidazole antifungals. The imidazoles were prevalently racemic, whereas tebuconazole was widely nonracemic in the rivers. Seasonal effects were observed on distribution and chirality of the azole antifungals. Concentrations of the azole antifungals in the river water were relatively higher in winter than in spring and summer while the EF of miconazole in the river water was higher in summer. The mechanism of enantiomeric behavior of the chiral azole antifungals in the environment warrants further research.     

施用硼钼对花生硼钼吸收积累与分配的影响

取广东省几个花生主产区土壤作盆栽试验,探讨硼、钼施用对花生朋、钼的吸收、运转和积累分配的影响。结果表明,花生施用B、Mo后,各生育期和各部作的B、Mo含量和吸收量均极显著地增加：B、Mo配合施用抑制植株对B的吸收而促进其对Mo的吸收;在高P下配合施用B、Mo对植株B、Mo吸收均有一定的促进作用：植林吸收B、Mo后．B主要向叶转移．Mo主要积累花籽粒中。     

硫酸盐对镉污染下南美天胡荽生长、镉富集及生理生化特性的影响

为探明硫酸盐对园林植物南美天胡荽（Hydrocotyle vulgaris Linn.）生长、镉（Cd）富集及生理生化特性的影响,采用水培的方式研究了不同浓度Cd²⁺（1、2、4 mg?L^-1）添加不同浓度硫酸盐（0、200、400 μmol?L^-1）对南美天胡荽Cd累积、日平均增长量（MDIB）、净光合速率、抗氧化系统及渗透调节物质等的影响.结果表明,随着Cd处理浓度的增加,南美天胡荽水上部和水下部Cd含量及活性氧物质（ROS）呈显著（p<0.05）增加的变化趋势,但降低了植物的净光合速率（P_n）、叶绿素含量及MDIB值,抑制了植物的生长;硫酸盐添加缓解了Cd对南美天胡荽的胁迫,提高了抗坏血酸酶（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,以及谷胱甘肽（GSH）、植物络合素（PCs）、游离脯氨酸含量和光合速率,尤其是4 mg?L^-1 Cd添加400 μmol?L^-1硫酸盐处理效果最好.此时,GSH和PCs含量较对照分别增加了48.78%和46.09%,P_n、叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）、叶绿素a/b（Chla/b）及类胡萝卜素（Car）提高了6.61%~43.40%,MDIB提高了118.29%.本研究结果可为硫酸盐缓解植物重金属胁迫研究提供理论依据, 并可为应用园林植物南美天胡荽联合硫酸盐修复Cd污染环境提供参考.     

Dissipation and residues determination of propamocarb in ginseng and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Two-year field trials were performed at two experimental sites to investigate dissipation and terminal residues of propamocarb in ginseng root, stem, leaf, and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Mean recoveries ranged from 80.5 to 95.6 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 5.5–9.1 % at fortified levels of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.20 mg kg^?1. The half-lives of propamocarb were 5.00–11.36 days in root, 5.07–11.46 days in stem, 6.83–11.31 days in leaf and 6.44–8.43 days in soil. The terminal residues of propamocarb were below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of EU (0.20 mg kg^?1) and South Korea (0.50 mg kg^?1 in fresh ginseng and 1.0 mg kg^?1 in dried ginseng) over 28 days after last spraying at recommended dosage. The results provide a quantitative basis for establishing the MRL and give a suggestion of safe and reasonable use of propamocarb in ginseng.     

臭氧处理剩余污泥的减量化实验研究

采用质子交换聚合物膜电解法（PEM）产生臭氧,单独对剩余污泥进行氧化破解实验,结果表明,随着臭氧化反应时间的增加,污泥微生物细胞裂解,胞内物质进入到污泥溶液中,污泥固体物质减少,使得TS和VTS均显著下降,处理40 min后,其去除率分别达到57.33%和72.76%;SCOD前30 min呈线性增长,通入臭氧60 min后,由处理前的3 501.24mg/L上升到6 298.32 mg/L,增长率达79.88%;SV30及滤饼含水率均呈下降趋势,表明剩余污泥的沉淀性能及脱水性能得到明显改善。实验结果表明,直接利用臭氧对剩余污泥进行处理,可获得良好的减量化效果。     

太湖流域断头河道微循环水质效应与生物响应

针对太湖流域断头河道微循环过程中水质效应和生物响应不清楚的问题,笔者通过水槽模拟实验,分析了氮磷和有机物等水质指标随水体微循环时间、频率的变化关系;通过常州武进洛阳镇徐家头浜实际河道微循环实验,探讨了微循环运行过程中实际河道水质的稳定性,微循环过程中实际河道的生物响应,及浊度、溶解氧、pH等环境因素的影响。结果表明：水槽模拟实验条件下微循环对水体氨氮去除的影响最为明显（去除率达62.91%）,COD去除率变化幅度受微循环频率的影响最大（可达50%）;微循环设置后实际河道COD浓度下降趋势明显（降幅约30%）;微循环过程中河道水体浮游动物和浮游植物数量均呈上升趋势,而河道边坡和底泥中Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria等优势微生物菌群的丰度却有不同程度的变化。同时,浊度对总磷和COD的影响程度相当,溶解氧和pH对水体氨氮浓度的影响均最显著。该研究为改善断头河道水质提供新方向,为微循环技术的实际应用提供数据参考。     

碳纳米管修饰泡沫镍空气扩散电极电-Fenton法降解水中对硝基酚

采用涂覆焙烧法制备碳纳米管修饰泡沫镍空气扩散电极,并用环境扫描电子显微镜和循环伏安法对其表面形貌和氧化还原特性进行了表征。考察了该电极还原O2产生H2O2的性能及对水中对硝基酚的降解性能。表征结果表明:碳纳米管修饰泡沫镍空气扩散电极具有多级孔道结构;在-0.6 V处具有较强的氧双电子还原峰。实验结果表明:当电流为150 m A、反应时间为120 min时,产生的H2O2的质量浓度为321.38 mg/L;在外加0.1 mmol/L Fe SO4形成的电-Fenton体系中,反应30 min后对硝基酚去除率可达95.90%;且该电极重复使用10次的对硝基酚去除率为92%~96%。